INTRODUCTION – ISO 10300 series

When ISO 10300:2001 (all parts) became due for its first revision, the opportunity was taken to include hypoid gears, since previously the series only allowed for calculating the load capacity of bevel gears without offset axes. The former structure is retained, i.e. three parts of the ISO 10300 series, together with ISO 6336-5, and it is intended to establish general principles and procedures for rating of bevel gears. Moreover, ISO 10300 (all parts) is designed to facilitate the application of future knowledge and developments, as well as the exchange of information gained from experience.

INTRODUCTION – ISO 10300-1:2023

Several calculation methods, i.e. A, B and C, are specified, which stand for decreasing accuracy and reliability from A to C because of simplifications implemented in formulae and factors. The approximate methods in ISO 10300 (all parts) are used for preliminary estimates of gear capacity where the final details of the gear design are not yet known. More detailed methods are intended for the recalculation of the load capacity limits when all important gear data are given.

ISO 10300 (all parts) does not provide an upgraded calculation procedure as a method A, although it would be available, such as finite element or boundary element methods combined with sophisticated tooth contact analyses.

On the other hand, by means of such a computer program, a new calculation procedure for bevel and hypoid gears on the level of method B was developed and checked. It is part of the ISO 10300 series as submethod B1. Besides, if the hypoid offset, a, is zero, method B1 becomes identical to the set of proven formulae of the former version of ISO 10300:2001 (all parts).

In view of the decision for ISO 10300 (all parts) to cover hypoid gears also, Annex B has been included in this document. Additionally, ISO 10300-2 is supplemented by a separate clause: “Gear flank rating formulae — Method B2”; as for ISO 10300-3, the former method B2, which uses the Lewis parabola to determine the critical section in the root and not the 30° tangent at the tooth fillet as method B1 does, is now extended by the AGMA methods for rating the strength of bevel gears and hypoid gears. It was necessary to present a new, clearer structure of the three parts, which is illustrated in Figure 1.

NOTE: ISO 10300 (all parts) gives no preferences in terms of when to use method B1 and when to use method B2.

The procedures covered by ISO 10300 (all parts) are based on both testing and theoretical studies.

ISO 10300 (all parts) provides calculation procedures by which different gear designs can be compared. It is not meant to ensure the performance of assembled gear drive systems. It is intended for use by the experienced gear designer capable of selecting reasonable values for the factors in these formulae, based on knowledge of similar designs and on awareness of the effects of the items discussed.

NOTE: Contrary to cylindrical gears, where the contact is usually linear, bevel gears are generally manufactured with profile and lengthwise crowning, i.e. the tooth flanks are curved on all sides and the contact develops an elliptical pressure surface. This is taken into consideration when determining the load factors by the fact that the rectangular zone of action (in the case of spur and helical gears) is replaced by an inscribed parallelogram for method B1 and an inscribed ellipse for method B2 (see Annex A for method B1 and Annex B for method B2). The conditions for bevel gears, different from cylindrical gears in their contact, are thus taken into consideration by the face and transverse load distribution factors.

SCOPE

This document specifies the methods of calculation of the load capacity of bevel gears, the formulae and symbols used for calculation, and the general factors influencing load conditions.

The formulae in this document are intended to establish uniformly acceptable methods for calculating the load-carrying capacity of straight, helical (skew), spiral bevel, Zerol and hypoid gears. They are applicable equally to tapered depth and uniform depth teeth. Hereinafter, the term “bevel gear” refers to all of the gear types; if not, the specific forms are identified.

The formulae in this document take into account the known major factors influencing load-carrying capacity. The rating formulae are only applicable to types of gear tooth deterioration, that are specifically addressed in the individual parts of the ISO 10300 series. Rating systems for a particular type of bevel gears can be established by selecting proper values for the factors used in the general formulae.

NOTE: This document is not applicable to bevel gears which have an inadequate contact pattern under load (see Annex D).

The rating system of this document is based on virtual cylindrical gears and restricted to bevel gears whose virtual cylindrical gears have transverse contact ratios of ε_vα < 2. Additionally, for bevel gears the sum of profile shift coefficients of pinion and wheel is zero (see ISO 23509).

The user is cautioned that when the formulae are used for large average mean spiral angles (β_m1 + β_m2)/2 > 45°, for effective pressure angles α_e > 30° and/or for large facewidths b > 13 m_mn, the calculated results of this document should be confirmed by experience.